April 22
Impressionism & After
Claude
Monet. Impression: Sunrise. 1872.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick
Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
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Salon Des Refuses held in 1863 to show the public the numerous works that had been rejected by the Academy for the annual Salon |
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Avant-garde = artists or art works that are novel or experimental |
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Relates to the military term for soldiers who explore the battlefield ahead of the advancing army |
Suggests a small group of intellectuals who push the boundaries of what is accepted
as the norm |
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Impressionism
- a movement among late nineteenth-century French painters who sought
to present a true representation of light and color. Working primarily
outdoors, such artists applied small touches of paint to catch fleeting
impressions of the scenes before them. Many American artists adopted
the style. |
Berthe Morisot. In the Garden . c. 1884.
http://www.antiquesandfineart.com/articles/media/images/00801-00900/00845/Morisot.Garden-Maurecourt.jpg
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The Impressionists were interested in: |
Representing immediate visual sensations through color and light |
Experimenting with short, choppy brushstrokes |
Painting outdoors, away from the studio, and with pre-made paint |
"En Plein Air" = in the open air |
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Pierre-
Auguste Renoir. The Luncheon of the Boating Party. 1881.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
Mary Cassat. Mother Washing Sleepy Child. 1880.
Bullard, E. John. Mary Cassatt: Oils and
Pastels. Watson-Guptill Publications: New York, 1998.
Edgar Degas. The
Rehearsal on Stage. c. 1874.
Stokstad,
Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice
Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams, 2005.
Edouard
Manet. A Bar at the Folies-Bergere. 1881-82.
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Impressionism was strongest between 1870 and 1880 |
By the late 1880s, most of the group had moved on to other styles and interests |
The Impressionists held their last exhibition in 1886 |
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Post-Impressionism - a general term applied to various personal styles of painting that developed around 1885 to 1900 in reactio to what those artists saw as the somewhat formless and aloof quality of Impressionism. |
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. At the Moulin Rouge. 1892 - 95.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_juCTloVTuwE/SCnNbm5ZtvI/AAAAAAAAFyM/EK8m0KcxV4U/s400/toulouse-lautrec-at+the+moulin+rouge.jpg
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Post-Impressionists can be broadly separated into two groups: |
expressionists (Van Gogh) |
formalists (Cezanne & Seurat) |
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Vincent
van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889.
Impasto
= thick applications of pigment that give a painting a palpable surface
texture |
Vincent
van Gogh. Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear. 1889.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
Vincent Van Gogh. Portrait of Dr. Gachet. 1890.
Sold at auction in 1990 for $82.5 million, making it the second most valuable painting at the time |
The work may have later been sold in 1997 for $70 to 90 million |
It is currently considered the 8th most expensive painting |