March 27
Eighteenth Century

 

 

Landscape with Saint John on Patmos

Nicolas Poussin. Landscape with Saint John on Patmos. 1640.

 

 

classic landscape = approach to the depiction of a landscape in which nature is not recorded as found, but is instead organized into idealized compositions

 

 

 

 

 

 

1648 Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture founded in France

 

 

Abduction of the Sabine Women

Nicolas Poussin. The Abduction of the Sabine Women. c. 1633-34.
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. 6th Ed. Vol. 2. North Carolina: Prentice Hall and Harry N. Abrams, 2001. 2 vols.

 

 

Hierarchy of genres
1. History painting (includes religious subjects)
2. Portraiture
3. Genre
4. Landscape
5. Still-life

 

 

 

 

 

 

Baroque period in Holland and Flanders

 

 

Flanders =
southern Netherlands
Antwerp
Holland = northern Netherlands
Amsterdam, Haarlem, Utrecht, Levden and Delft

 

 

 

Historical Context
 
1576 Antwerp sacked by Spanish troops and looses half its population
1581 Netherlandish provinces declare independence from Spain; Spain soon recovers southern Netherlands (Flanders)
1648 United Dutch Republic (Holland) gains freedom from Spanish rule after 80 years of war

 

 

 

 

Map of the 17th century

Map of the Seventeenth Century in Europe and North America

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Paul Rubens
1577 - 1640

 

 

Raising of the Cross

Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. 1610-11.

 

 

Raising of the Cross in situ

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de' Medici

Rubens. Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de' Medici. 1621 - 25.

 

 

Characteristics of Rubens' style:
Dramatic, theatrical and dynamic
Fleshy, lively and robust figures
Composition revolves around light and and color

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Garden of Love

Peter Paul Rubens. The Garden of Love. c. 1638.
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. 6th Ed. Vol. 2. North Carolina: Prentice Hall and Harry N. Abrams, 2001. 2 vols.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poussinistes vs. Rubenistes
Conservatives
Liberals
Favored line
Favored color
Believed that drawing appealed to the mind
Believed color was more true to nature than line
Drawing superior to color effects, because color appealed to the senses
Drawing appealed to the educated few, while color appealed to everyone

 

 

 

 

Poussinist
Rubenist
Landscape with Saint John on Patmos
Raising of the Cross
Nicolas Poussin. Landscape with Saint John on Patmos. 1640.
Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. 1610-11.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Holland

 

 

Frans Hals
1580 - 1666

 

 

Officers of the Haarlem Militia Company of Saint Adrian

Frans Hals. Officers of the Haarlem Militia Company of Saint Adrian. c. 1627.

 

 

 

Velazquez's influence:
 
Loose brushwork
Optical effects
Patches of color