April
3
Eighteenth Century
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The Age
of Enlightenment
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Historical
Context
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| 1760 - 1830 | Industrial Revolution |
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1762
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Mozart tours Europe at age 6 |
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1776
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American Revolution |
| 1789 | French Revolution |
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Important
Enlightenment Ideas:
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Belief
that humanity and its institutions could be reformed and perfected
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Proposed
equal rights to all white men
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Free
men and women could be expected to act morally and rationally
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Belief
that the purpose of humanity was to pursue their own happiness and fulfillment
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Purpose
of the state was to facilitate this pursuit
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Three
Prevailing Styles of 18th Century:
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Rococo
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Neoclassicism
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Romanticism
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Rococo
1660 - 1774
Rosalba Carriera. Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset. c. 1730.
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Portuguese
word "barroco" = irregularly shaped pearl
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French
word "rocaille" = artificial shell or rock ornament popular
for gardens
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Characteristics
of the Rococo style:
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Highly decorative
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Lighthearted
and playful
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Element
of fantasy and escape
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Germain Boffrand. Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise. Begun 1732.
Johann Balthasar Neumann. Kaisersaal (Imperial Hall). 1719 - 44.
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Arabesque
= linear surface decoration based on foliage and calligraphic forms,
usually characterized by flowing lines and swirling shapes
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Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. The Marriage of the Emperor Frederick and Beatrice of Burgundy. 1751 - 52.
Jean-Antoine Watteau
1684 - 1721
Jean-Antoine Watteau. Le Pelerinage a l'ile de Cithere (Pilgrimage to Cithera). 1717.
Peter
Paul Rubens. The Garden of Love. c. 1638.
Janson,
H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. 6th Ed. Vol. 2. North Carolina:
Prentice Hall and Harry N. Abrams, 2001. 2 vols.
Jean-Antoine Watteau. Le Pelerinage a l'ile de Cithere (Pilgrimage to Cithera). 1717.
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Cythera
= island of love and the island that Venus arrives on after her birth
at sea
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"amor
vincit omnia" - love conquers all
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fetes
galantes = elegant fetes or entertainments
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Jean-Antoine Watteau. The Signboard of Gersaint. c. 1721.
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Vanitas elements:
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Louis XIV
portrait
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Clock
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Straw
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Woman gazing
into a mirror
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Francois Boucher
1703 - 1770
Francois Boucher. Diana Resting After Her Bath. 1742.
Jean-Honore Fragonard
1732 - 1806
Jean-Honore Fragonard.
The Swing. c. 1768.
Duane
Preble, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank, Artforms. (Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002) 7th ed.
Jean-Honore Fragonard. The Meeting. 1771 - 73.