May
10
Rise of Modernism
Paul Cezanne
1839 - 1906
Paul Cezanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. c. 1885 -87.
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Intended
to "make of Impressionism something more solid and durable, like
the art in museums" - Paul Cezanne
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Paul
Cezanne. Mont Ste.-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. c. 1897 - 1900.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank.
Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
Paul Cezanne. Still Life with Basket of Apples. 1890 - 94.
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Cezanne's
New Way of Seeing:
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Not a direct
representation of nature
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Geometric
approach to form
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Open,
not blended, strokes
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Spatial
ambiguity
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Breaks
up space and form by looking at things from different angles, perspectives
and times of the day
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The Twentieth Century- the age of "isms"
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Historic
Context
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| 1900 | Freud publishes "The Interpretation of Dreams" |
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1903
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Wright brother's
first flight
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| 1905 | Einstein formulates theory of relativity |
| 1912 | Titanic sinks |
| 1914 |
Henry Ford's Model-T plant opens |
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1914 - 1918
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World War
I
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1917 - 1920
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Russian Revolution
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| 1920 | Gandhi initiates peaceful protests in India aghainst British rule |
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1922
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Formation
of the Soviet Union
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| Fascists under Benito Mussolini seize power in Italy | |
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1926 - 1953
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Stalin control
the Soviet Union
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1929
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Great Depression
begins
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1933
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Hitler's Nazi
Party seizes power
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New Deal begins
- program of government spending to end the Great Depression
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| 1939 - 1945 | World War II |
| 1945 | First use of the Atomic Bomb |
| Founding of United Nations | |
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Characteristics
of 20th century art are the characteristics of the century itself:
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Rapid change
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Diversity
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Individualism
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Exploration
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Several
broad tendencies mark modern artists:
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Tendency
towards abstraction
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Tendency
to emphasize physical process involved in creation of the work
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Continual
questioning of the nature of art
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Three main
currents in art:
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Expressionism
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Abstraction
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Fantasy
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Expressionism
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Expressionism
=
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1. general
term for art that emphasizes inner feelings and emotions over objective
depiction
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2. a modernist
art movement that was a manifestation of subjective feeling toward objective
reality and the world of imagination. Characterized by bold, vigorous
brushwork, emphatic line, and bright color.
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Characteristics
of Expressionist Styles:
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Desire to
express attitudes and emotions
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Vivid imagery
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Often angular,
simplified depictions
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Dramatic
use of color
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Bold,
sometimes crude brushwork
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Sense of
liberation and experimentation
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Fauvism 1905
- 1907
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les fauves
= the wild beasts
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Henri Matisse. The Woman with the Hat. 1905.
Andre Derain. Mountains at Collioure. 1905.
Henri Matisse. The Joy of Life. 1905 - 06.
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"Uninhibited,
naked revelers dance, make love, and commune with nature" - Stokstad
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"What
I dream of is an art devoid of troubling or depressing subject matter,
which might be… like a mental comforter, something like a good armchair
in which to rest." - Matisse
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The Bridge,
1905
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Die Brucke
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"Named
for a passage in Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spake Zarathustra that spoke
of contemporary humanity's potential to be the evolutionary bridge to
a more perfect superman of the future." - Stokstad
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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Berlin. 1913.
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Blue Rider
Group
1911 |
Vassily Kandinsky. Improvisation No. 30 (Cannons). 1913.
Vassily Kandinsky. Composition No. 8. 1923.
Synesthesia = sensation felt in one part of the body when another part is stimulated
"Color
is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings.
The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations
in the soul." - Vassily Kandinsky
