The New Woman
The Waltz

Artist, student, studio assistant, model, and lover of sculptor Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel represents the emerging New Woman and the difficulties she encountered in her demand for equality and feedom from domesticity. 

During her career, Claudel received significant comissions and accolades.   But after a difficult breakup with Rodin, she began to exhibit signs of mental instability.  When her father (who supported her career as an artist) died, her mother and brother immediately had her committed to an insane asylum.  Despite repeated recommendations by Camille's doctors for ther release, the family refused.  Camille remained in the asylum for 30 years until her death in 1943.

 
Camille Claudel. The Waltz. 1895.
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams, 2005.
Worksheet #6 Due

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Camille Claudel. The Age of Maturity. 1899.

 

Claudel and Rodin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rosa Bonheur
1822 - 1899

 

The Horse Fair

Rosa Bonheur. The Horse Fair. 1853.
http://italiangreyhounds.org/errata/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/horsefair.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rosa Bonheur . Plouging in the Nivernais. 1855. 
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Auguste_bonheur_a3274_plowing_in_the_nivernais.jpg
Realism = art style that sought to counter the idealized subject matter of Academic painting with direct and frank views of everyday life
 
 
Based on the idea that ordinary people and everyday activities are worthy subjects for art
Strives to depict ordinary existence without classic idealism, exoticism or nostalgia
Insisted on precise imitation of visual perceptions without alteration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stonebreakers

Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers. 1850. (Destroyed during WWII)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"I was forced to recognize that the clothing of my sex was a constant bother.
That is why I decided to solicit the authorization to wear men's clothing from the prefect of police." - Bonheur

Rosa and Natalie

Rosa Bonheur and Nathalie Micas
Girls, Guerrilla. The Guerilla Girls' Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art. New York: Penguin Books, 1998.
Rosa Bonheur in pants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luncheon on the Grass

Manet. Luncheon on the Grass (Le Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe). 1863.
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams, 2005.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1863 Academy rejected nearly 3,000
works for the annual Salon

Italian Music Hall

Eva Gonzales.  The Italian Music Hall Box.  c. 1874.
Nancy G. Heller.  Women Artists: An Ilustrated History. Fourth edition.  New York: Abbeville Press, 2003.

Provoking great deal of public protest
 
Emperor Napolean III ordered an exhibition of the refused work that was eventually called the Salon des Refuses (Salon of the Rejected)
Artists used the exhibition as a declaration
of their independence from the Academy
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nymphs

Adolphe William Bougureau. Nymphs and Satyr. 1873.
http://imilce.com/words/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/William-Adolphe-Bouguereau-1873-Nymphes-et-satyre-leo-Massac.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Origin of the World

Gustave Courbet. The Origin of the World. 1866.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Origin-of-the-World.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mother and Sister of the Artist

Berthe Morisot. Mother and Sister of the Artist. 1870.
Avant-garde = artists or works that are novel or experimental
 
Relates to the military term for soldiers who
explore the battlefield ahead of the advancing army
Suggests a small group of intellectuals who
push the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impressionism = a movement among late nineteenth-century French painters who sought to present a true representation of light and color. Working primarily outdoors, such artists applied small touches of paint to catch fleeting impressions of the scenes before them. Many American artists adopted the style.

In the Garden

Berthe Morisot.  In the Garden .  c. 1884.
http://www.antiquesandfineart.com/articles/media/images/00801-00900/00845/Morisot.Garden-Maurecourt.jpg
 
The Impressionists were interested in:
Representing immediate visual sensations through color and light
Experimenting with short, choppy brushstrokes
Painting outdoors, away from the studio,
and with pre-made paint
"En Plein Air" = in the open air

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"sketch aesthetics"
 

Summer's Day

Berthe Morisot. Summer's Day. 1879.

Woman at the Toilette

Berthe Morisot.  Woman at Her Toilette. 1875.
http://secretloft.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/morisot_woman-at-her-toilette.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mary Cassatt
1844 - 1926

 

Cassatt Self-Portrait

Mary Cassatt.  Self-Portrait.  1878.
http://www.mystudios.com/women/abcde/cassatt/cassatt-self-portrait-1878.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mother Washing Sleepy Child

Mary Cassat. Mother Washing Sleepy Child. 1880.
Bullard, E. John. Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels. Watson-Guptill Publications: New York, 1998.

Breakfast in Bed

Mary Cassatt.  Breakfast in Bed.  1897.
http://www.huntington.org/ArtDiv/ArtPix/CassattBreakfast.JPEG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mother and Child

Mary Cassatt. Mother and Child. c. 1905.
http://0.tqn.com/d/arthistory/1/0/e/y/cdc_nga_2010-11_55.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Women Bathing

Pierre- Auguste Renoir. The Bathers . 1887.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

 

"I consider women writers, lawyers and politicians as monsters and nothing but five-legged calves. The woman artist is merely ridiculous, but I am in favor of the female singer and dancer." - Pierre - Auguste Renoir

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Woman

Photographer & subject unknown c. 1920s
By 1893 a new female heroine emerged in the popular imagination called "The New Woman"
 
She rejects convention by:
Drinking
Smoking
Reading and pursuing an education
Having a healthy, athletic lifestyle
Dressing in comfortable clothes that allow free movement
Deciding when, whom and if to marry
Deciding how to earn money and how to spend it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Frances Benjamin Johnston
Judge Magazine
Frances Benjamin Johnson. Self-Portrait. c. 1896.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Frances_Benjamin_Johnston,_full-length_portrait,_seated_in_front_of_fireplace,_1896.jpg/481px-Frances_Benjamin_Johnston,_full-length_portrait,_seated_in_front_of_fireplace,_1896.jpg
John Held Jr.  Judge Magazine cover. 1925.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maria Buszek Bluestocking

Nicole Cawlfield.  Maria Buszek Bluestocking.  2002.

 

Bluestocking = a disparaging term, no longer in common use, for an educated, intellectual woman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modern Woman mural

Mary Cassatt.  Modern Woman.  Mural for World's Columbian Exposition.  1893.
http://members.cox.net/academia/cassatt.html taken from Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Vol. 86, Issue 516, May 1893.