Art 6 Lecture 29

Postmodernism

	"I was supporting myself, but nothing like the guy painters, as I refer to them. I always resented that actually... we were all getting the same amount of press, but they were going gangbusters with sales." - Cindy Sherman
Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #34. 1979. Cruz, Amada and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.	Learning Communtiy #5

Rhythm 0

Marina Abramovic. Rhythm 0. 1974.
Heartney, Eleanor et al. After the Revolution: Women Who Transformed Contemporary Art. Munich: Prestel, 2007.

Marina Abramovic and Ulay. Rest Energy. 1980 & 2006.
http://www.canadianart.ca/art/preview/can/qc/index1.html

Marina Abramovic. Art Must Be Beautiful. 1975.

Seed Bed

Vito Acconci.Seed Bed
(8 hour durations, three times a week).1972.
Warr, Tracey. The Artist's Body. London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 2000.

Seedbed

Marina Abramovic performing Seedbed
(for 7 hours) at the Guggenheim Museum on November 10, 2005
http://www.portlandart.net/archives/2008/10/vito_acconci_at.html

The Artist is Present

Marina Abramovic. The Artist is Present. 2010.
http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/upoNbvTpFo9/MoMA+Celebrates+Marina+Abramovic+Artist+Present/LA35ZvWEDm6

Ana Mendieta
1948 - 1985


Mendieta. Glass on Face Imprint. 1972. Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America. April 1999: 110 -113, 154.	Mendieta. Glass on Body Imprint. 1972. Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America. April 1999: 110 -113, 154.	Larry Bell. Cube. 1966. http://franklloydgallery.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/bell_cube_moca.jpg

Facial Hair Transplant

Ana Mendieta. Facial Hair Transplant. 1972.
Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America. April 1999: 110 -113, 154.

Rape Murder

Ana Mendieta. Rape/ Murder. 1973.
Warr, Tracey. The Artist's Body. London: Phaidon Press Ltd., 2000.

Silueta Series

Buried

Ana Mendieta. Buried. 1973 - 77.
Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America.
April 1999: 110 -113, 154.

Silueta de Cohetes

Ana Mendieta. Silueta de Cohetes. 1976.
http://americanart.si.edu/images/1995/1995.54.1.3_1b.jpg

Earth/ Body Figure

Mendieta. Earth/ Body Figure. 1973 - 77.
Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America.
April 1999: 110 -113, 154.

Silueta

Ana Mendieta. 1977.
Duncan, Michael. "Tracing Mendieta." Art in America. April 1999: 110 -113, 154.

Steel Magnesium Plain

Carl Andre. Steel Magnesium Plain. 1969. 6 X 6 ft.
Marzona, Daniel. Minimal Art. Koln: Taschen, 2004.

Naked by the Window by Robert Katz

Hand/ Heart

Carolee Schneemann. Hand/ Heart for Mendieta. 1986. Blood, ashes & syrup on snow.

Homage to Carl Andre

Rachel Lachowicz. Homage to Carl Andre (After Carl Andre's Magnesium and Zinc, 1969.) 1991. Lipstick and wax. 72 X 72 X 3/8".

Historic Context
1980	Art critic Kay Larson writes "for the first time women are leading and not following."
1981	AIDS first recognized as a disease, given the name "Gay Related Immune Deficiency"
	Sandra Day O'Connor first female Supreme Court justice
	China begins to limit families to one child
1983	Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize for The Color Purple
	Sally Ride becomes first woman in space
1984	Geraldine Ferraro runs with Walter Mondale as first female Vice-Presidential nominee for a major U.S. party, but they lose to Reagan
1985	Rock Hudson dies of AIDS
	MOMA exhibition - An International Survey of Painting and Sculpture
1986	Chernobyl nuclear accident
	GRID renamed HIV/ AIDS
	Space shuttle Challenger explodes on take-off killing the entire crew, including teacher Christa McAuliffe
1987	Museum of Women in the Arts founded
1987	"Black Monday" stock market crash
	Amy Fisher convicted of attempting to kill her adult boyfriend's wife
	Barbara Kruger and Sherrie Levine become first female artists to join Mary Boone's gallery
	Fatal Attraction
1988	Florence Griffith Joyner wins three Gold medals at the Olympic Games in Seoul
1989	Tieananmen Square massacre

Postmodernism = name for many stylistic reactions to, and developments from, modernism. Postmodern style is often characterized by eclecticism, digression, collage, pastiche, and irony. Postmodern theorists see postmodern art as a reversal of well-established modernist systems, such as the roles of artist versus audience, seriousness versus play, or high culture versus kitsch.

Painter's Progress

Elizabeth Murray. Painter's Progress. 1981.
http://time-blog.com/looking_around/271_1983_a-s_CCCR.jpg

Private Property

Jenny Holzer. Truisms. 1985. Times Square in New York.

Modernism vs. Postmodernism
	Modernism	Postmodernism
	Georgia O'Keefe. Red Canna. c. 1924. University of Arizona Museum of Art	Cindy Sherman. Untitled #96. 1981. Cruz, Amanda and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.
Main goal	To overthrow the conventions of the past	To overthrow modernism
	Based on a linear concept of history, where art builds upon itself and becomes progressively better
Emphasis on	Innovation (being the first)	Pluralism (there are many perspectives coexisting simultaneously)
	The universal and the essential	Diversity and contradiction
Structure	High vs. Low art (painting is the highest form of art, and male artists are geniuses, all other media and classes are inferior)	All art forms are equally valid (art can be made by anyone and made out of anything)
Core Ideas	Art is an intellectual pursuit	Art is playful, ironic, experimental, expressive and intellectual
	Art is for the elite, not for everyone	Art is for everyone and can change lives
	Distinctions in the arts should be clear and definitive
The Future?	Optimism	Uncertainty

Cindy Sherman
1954 -

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #6. 1979.
Cruz, Amanda and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #48. 1979.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #21. 1979.
Cruz, Amanda and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.

Laura Mulvey's Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema 1973	http://oygirl.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/movie-theater.jpg

Male gaze = a fundamental concept to Feminist theory which relates to the way men look at women, how women look at themselves and other women, and the sociological effects of this method of looking.

Some feminists posit that since it is almost always the female who is being gazed upon by the male, the man exhibits power over the woman.
Hollywood cinema places the viewer in the masculine position
The viewer identifies with the protagonist who tends to be male
The woman is the object of desire - something to be looked at
But who is the assumed viewer in a Sherman image?

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #14. 1979.
Cruz, Amanda and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #32. 1979.
http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/lin/images/mayalb.jpg

1996 Museum of Modern Art purchased a complete set of Film Stills for $1 million

In 2006 a print of #32 (she made 10) sold for $140,000 at auction


Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #13. 1978. Cruz, Amanda and Elizabeth A. T. Smith. Cindy Sherman: Retrospective. Chicago: Thames & Hudson, 1998.	Cindy Sherman. Untitled #153. 1985. http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/photography/cindysherman153.html

In 2008 a print of #13 sold at auction for $902,500	In November 2010 record for Sherman's work broken when Untitled #153 sold for $2,770,500

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #96. 1981.
http://www.letitflow.com/worlds-most-expensive-photograph/

In 2011 a print of #96 sold at auction for $3,890,500 making it the most expensive photograph