The Middle Ages |
Torquato Tasso
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Torquato_Tasso.jpg
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Before the 19th century Torquato Tasso was one of the most well read poets in the west. He died a few days before he was to be crowned the King of Poets by the Pope. From Tasso we have this nugget of knowledge:
"Every woman would prefer to be a man, just as every deformed wretch would prefer to be whole and fair, and every idiot and fool would prefer to be learned and wise." - Torquato Tasso 1573
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Reminder - Learning Community 1 on Wednesday
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Hildegard of Bingen
1098 - 1179
Hildegard of Bingen. Scivias.
1142 - 52.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/Meister_des_Hildegardis-Codex_001_cropped.jpg
Scivias = Know the Ways
Hildegard von Bingen. The Fifth
Vision of the Second Part from Scivias. 1142 - 52.
Girls, Guerrilla. The Guerilla Girls'
Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art. New York: Penguin Books,
1998.
More
illustrations from the Scivias
Christine de Pizan
1364 - 1430
Christine with Justice. 15th century.
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When her husband died, Christine turned to writing for income |
She supported herself, her mother and her three children with her writings |
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Christine De Pizan is the first known woman in western literature
to make a living off of her art |
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Christine de Pizan. Opening Page of the Book of the City of Ladies. 1405.
http://www.bnf.fr/loc/bnf030.jpg
Christine presenting work to Queen Isabeu of Bavaria. 1410 - 1411.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Christine_de_Pisan_and_Queen_Isabeau_detail.jpg
Medieval Embroidery
Medieval embroidery demonstration
http://www.flickr.com/photos/8484734@N04/1334215439/
Opus Anglicanum = embroidered works made in English workshops during the 11th century |
By 1250, these professional women embroiderers in England were highly respected |
Popes regularly ordered liturgical garments from their shops which were considered as valuable as jewelry |
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In 1271 Henry III paid £220 for a bejeweled altar frontal equal to about £100,000 today |
the labor of the four women who made it cost £36 |
it took them three years to create it |
The Syon Cope. c. 1300.
http://www.vam.ac.uk/images/image/53930-popup.html
The Battle of Hastings. Detail of the Bayeux Tapestry. c. 1086.
Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. Sixth edition. University of North Carolina, Wilmington: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001.
Banquet Scene. Detail of the Bayeux Tapestry. c. 1086.
http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/IH164033/detail-of-banquet-scene-from-the-bayeux
Aelfgyva and the Cleric. Detail from the Bayeux Tapestry. c. 1086.
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/zzdeco/2tapestr/2bayeux/02bayeux.html
More Bayeux Tapestry
Making the Bayeux Tapestry
http://www.essentialnormanconquest.com/images/story/making_bayeux_tapestry.jpg
Historical
Context |
1445 |
Guttenberg
begins selling one of the first books published with movable type in the West (movable type invented in China about 400 years earlier) |
Gutenberg Bible
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Portuguese
explorers reach Africa's Gold Coast |
1484 |
Pope
Innocent VII succeeds to papacy and outlaws witchcraft |
1492 |
Columbus
discovers West Indies and South America |
1511 |
First road map
of Europe published |
1517 |
Beginning of Protestant
Reformation |
1522 |
First circumnavigation
of the earth |
1527 |
Sack of Rome |
Leonardo da Vinci. Vitruvian Man. c. 1487.
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Significant developments in the western world view
become influential by the 1400s: |
Increased exploration of the world |
Scientific investigation of nature and the human body |
Medieval religious zeal becomes more tempered |
Development of the city-state and nations |
Growth of capitalism and trade |
Guilds become more powerful and women's participation in them less common |
The artist's social standing is eventually
elevated from skilled laborer to gifted intellectual |
Lucas Cranach. Martin Luther. 1532.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Martin-Luther-1532.jpg
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The Protestant
Reformation |
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He demands that the Catholic Church make 95 Reforms |
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Strove to rid
the Church of pagan practices and rituals |
Promoted importance
of individual faith |
Thought devotion
to the saints was distracting |
Especially
critical of the sale of indulgences |
15th century intellectuals were aware of the great changes of their age
and became the first people to name their own time |
Lavinia Fontana . Self-Portrait. 1579.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8jbLh9YEAEI/SHMqGNqXkPI/AAAAAAAADCQ/
bitAor6z7Mk/s320/000%2BLavinia%2BFontana%2B-%2BAutorretrato.jpg
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Renascita = the rebirth |
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Inspired by newly discovered ancient ruins, artworks and texts, Renaissance intellectuals declared
the Classic world the height of western civilization thus far |
But, they always made clear that their civilization would be better... |
Humanism
= a cultural and intellectual movement during the Renaissance, following
the rediscovery of the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
A philosophy or attitude concerned with the interests, achievements and
capabilities of human beings rather than with the abstract concepts
and problems of theology. |
Medieval
Pieta |
Renaissance
Pieta |
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Roettgen
Pieta. Early 14th century.
Janson,
H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. Sixth edition. University
of North Carolina, Wilmington: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001. |
Michelangelo. Pietà. c. 1500.
Richard
G. Tansey & Fred S. Kleiner. Gardner's Art Through the Ages.
Tenth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996. |
Characteristics
of Renaissance art |
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Reflects
admiration of classic art |
Sense of
stability and order |
Emphasis
on logic and reason |
Idealized
form |
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Jan van
Eyck. Adam and Eve
(details of the Ghent Altarpiece). 1432.
Janson,
H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art.
Sixth edition. University
of North Carolina,
Wilmington: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001. |
