Photo 1 Lecture 1

January 13
Introduction

Welcome to the History of Photography!

Chauffeur

Alexander Rodchenko. Chauffeur. 1933.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.

An introduction to the material we will be considering...

Still Life

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. Still Life in Studio. 1837. Daguerreotype.
Richard G. Tansey & Fred S. Kleiner. Gardner's Art Through the Ages. Tenth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996, p. 959.

Le Boulevard Du Temple

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. Le Boulevard Du Temple. 1839. Daguerreotype.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Portrait of Thomas Carlyle

Julia Margaret Cameron. Portrait of Thomas Carlyle. 1867.

Galloping Horse

Eadweard Muybridge. Galloping Horse, Motion Study-Sallie Gardner. June 19, 1878.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

The Open Door

William Fox Talbot. The Open Door. 1843.

Nadar. Sarah Bernhardt. 1855. Photograph printed from a collodion negative.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Edgar Degas. Ballet Class.

Marcel Duchamp. L.H.O.O.Q. 1919.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

The Doll

Hans Bellmer. The Doll. c. 1934.

Alexander Gardner. Carnage at Antietam, September 1862. Wet-plate photograph.
Richard G. Tansey & Fred S. Kleiner. Gardner's Art Through the Ages. Tenth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996, p. 962.

Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California. 1936.

Richard Hamilton. Just What is it That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Unique? 1956.

Andy Warhol. Marilyn Diptych. 1962.

Child with a toy hand grenade

Diane Arbus. Child with a toy hand grenade. 1970.
Rubinfien, Leo. "Where Diane Arbus Went." Art in America. October, 2005. 65 - 77.

Cindy Sherman. Untitled Film Still #48. 1979.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Andres Serrano. Piss Christ. 1987.

William Wegman. Ray and Mrs. Lubner in Bed Watching TV (second version). 1981.

Rue Mouffetard

Henri Cartier-Bresson. Rue Mouffetard, Paris. 1958.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne. Taschen, Koln, 2005.

The Invention of Photography

Photography = light writing

Three things needed to create a photograph:

1. Optical device that can control light

2. Chemical process that can reproduce the effects of light on a surface

3. Chemical process that can fix light (the image) permanently

Eventually, a means of reproducing the image becomes desirable

The Optical Device

Room size camera obscura
http://www.toddroeth.com/class/art_256/

Camera Obscura = a dark room with a small pinhole on one wall through which a beam of light travels, is inverted, and is projected onto an opposing wall

5th century Chinese philosopher Mo Ti created the first known camera obscura, which he called the "locked treasure room"

Aristotle's vision

Camera obscura effect observed through tree by Aristotle in 330 BC

Evolution of the Camera Obscura, Predecessor of the Modern Camera
a. Sixteenth-century cambera obscura
b. Seventeenth-century camera obscura
c. Nineteenth-century table model camera obscura
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Portable Camera Obscura

Portable Camera Obscura
Bajac, Quentin. The Invention of Photography. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. 2002.

Jan Vermeer. The Kitchen Maid. c. 1658.
Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble and Patrick Frank. Artforms. Seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002.

Vermeer's Camera website


Frans Hals. Regentesses of the Old Men's Alms House. 1664. Janson, H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. 6th Ed. Vol. 2. North Carolina: Prentice Hall and Harry N. Abrams, 2001. 2 vols.	Jan Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams Inc., 2005.

Abelardo Morrell. Camera Obscura Image of Houses Across the Street in Our Living Room. 1991.
http://www.abelardomorell.net/camera2.html

Abelardo Morrell. Camera Obscura Image of Times Square in Hotel Room. 1997.
http://www.abelardomorell.net/camera2.html

More of Abelardo Morrell's camera obscura photos

silhouette machine

Silhouette machine
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.

The Orientalist

Physionotrace as illustrated by Walton Ford in The Orientalist, 1999.
Katz, Steven and Dodie Kazanjian. Walton Ford: Tigers of Wrath, Horses of Instruction. New York: 2002.

Camera Lucida

Drawing with a Camera Lucida. 1834.

Chemical Reproduction of the Effects of Light

1800, Thomas Wedgwood creates "sun pictures"
Places objects on leather or paper sensitized with silver nitrate
Quickly turned shades of gray when exposed to light
Wedgwood could not permanently fix the image - they had to be viewed with minimal light and stored in a completely light tight environment

Although none of Wedgwood's sun pictures survive, Anna Atkins's cyanotype images provide a good example of what such an image would look like

Albumen photogram. Mid- Nineteenth century.

The Chemical Fix

Portrait of Joseph Nicephore Niepce
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.

Litho stone and print

Lithography stone with negative image and positive paper print
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg

Joseph Nicephore Niepce. Heliographic plate. 1825. Bajac, Quentin. The Invention of Photography. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. 2002.	1814	Niepce begins experimenting
	1816	Niepce produces first heliographs
		Sends images to his brother through the mail
		When they arrive, images have all but disappeared because light sensitivity not halted
	1822	Niepce discovers that bitumen of judea bleaches and hardens when exposed to light
		bitumen of Judea = form of asphalt, used by etchers to coat metal plates before drawing upon them with a stylus


Isaac Briot. Portrait of Cardinal d'Amboise. c. 1650. Engraving	Nicephore Niepce. Copy of Engraving of Cardinal d'Amboise. 1826. Heliograph.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.

Joseph Nicephore Niepce. View from His Window at Le Gras. c. 1826. Heliograph.
Bajac, Quentin. The Invention of Photography. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. 2002.

Niepce's original image