February 3
Imaging the Other
Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond
1809 - 1886
Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond. Mental Patient. 1855. |
Diamond believed that photographs could be useful aides in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness |
Sought the physical symptoms of madness |
|
The project expresses a belief in "normal" vs. "abnormal" character |
|
Hugh Welch Diamond. Seated Woman with Bird. c. 1855. Albumen print.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
transparency
= a direct translation of reality in which subjects are not suggested,
as in the calotype and daguerreotype, but are clearly stated and
defined
without overt intervention |
"The picture speaks for itself." Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond |
Duchenne de Boulogne
1806 - 1875
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Jean-Martin Charcot
1825 - 1893
Photographer Unknown. Attitudes Passionelles plate 21 from Charcot’s P’lconographie photographique de La Salpetriere. 1876.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
hysteria = a nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. |
Charcot used hypnosis to induce a state of hysteria in patients believing that hysteria was a neurological disorder |
Made weekly public presentations of his patients who would act out the symptoms of mental illness |
"I stand here merely as a photographer, I write down what I see." - Charcot |
Photographer Unknown. Attitudes Passionelles from Charcot’s P’lconographie photographique de La Salpetriere. 1876.
http://www.imageandnarrative.be/gender/_img/devilliers02.jpg
more on Charcot and photography
The Other = refers to that which is 'other' than the concept being considered. The term often means a person other than oneself, and is often capitalised. The Other is singled out as different. |
J.E. Whitney Studio. Cut Nose. 1862. Carte-de-visite.
caption: Cut Nose: Who in the Massacre of 1862, in Minnesota, murdered 18 Women and Children and 5 Men. |
Ethnographic Studies
ethnogoraphy = descriptive anthropology
John Lamprey. Front and Profile Views of a Malayan Male. c. 1868 – 69.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Unknown photographer. Anthropological Cabinet of Natives. c. 1873. Carte-de-visite.
Photographer Unknown. Brinjara and Wife from The People of India. 1868.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
J.T. Zealy. Jack (driver), Guinea. 1850. Daguerreotype.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
theory of special creation = belief that races were created at different times and in different parts of the world |
J.T. Zealy. Delia, American born, daughter of Renty, Congo. 1850. Daguerreotype.
http://preserve.harvard.edu/exhibits/daguerreotype/images/woman.jpg
Social documentary style emerged in the 19th century in response to: |
Popular social reform movements |
Continued interest in recording the wonders of the world |
Availability and accessibility of the hand-held camera |
Organized social reform movements in America that began during the late 19th century: |
Suffrage parade in New York City, May 6, 1912. |
Abolitionism |
|
Woman's Suffrage Movement |
|
Prohibition/ Temperance Movement |
|
Public Education Reform Movement |
|
Jacob Riis
1849 - 1914
Lewis Hine. Immigrants Going Down Gangplank. 1905.
source unkown
Jacob Riis. Bandits'
Roost, New York. 1888.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
muckraker = journalist who investigates and exposes societal issues |
Jacob Riis. Home
of an Italian Ragpicker, New York. 1888.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
Riis consistently
argued that the "poor were the victims rather than the makers of their fate" |
Jacob Riis. Street Arabs. c. 1880s. |
Social Darwinism
= belief that society's evolve like organisms and only the fit will survive, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die and go extinct |
|
An important aspect of this line of thinking was the belief that poverty was a just reward for sin |
|
Social Uplift
= belief that crime is an effect of poverty rather than its cause |
Lewis Hine
1874 - 1940
Lewis Hine. Untitled (Hickory,
North Carolina). 1908.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
Lewis Hine. Spinner in New England Mill . 1913. |
1907 government inquiry revealed that at least 1,750,178 children between 10 and 15 years old were working in US factories |
In cotton mills, almost 50% of the workers were an average of 10 years old |
|
Lewis Hine. At Work at Glassblowing
Works. 1909.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
Lewis Hine. Oyster Openers.
1913.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
"Hine
exposed the myth that everyone could pull themselves up by their bootstraps
and succeed in America." - Hirsch |
Lewis Hine. Steelworker, 85 Stories Up. c. 1931.
"There
were two things I wanted to do. I wanted to show the things that had
to be corrected; I wanted to show the things that had to be appreciated"
- Lewis Hine |
Lewis Hine's Men at Work series
