February 10
Picturing the Present
George N. Barnard. Fire in the Ames Mills, Oswego, NY. July 5, 1853.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Mexican-American War 1846 - 1848 |
Photographer Unknown. General Wool and Staff, Calle Real, |
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Fought after Texas seceded from Mexico |
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Resulted in the U.S. acquiring California and New Mexico |
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Considered the first war to be photographed as it happened |
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Coincides with the rise of American newspapers |
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Photographaer Unknown. Amputation, Mexican- American War, Cerro Gordo. 1847.
Crimean War 1853 - 1856 |
Fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance of the United Kingdom, France and the Ottoman Empire |
Roger Fenton. Railroad Yard
Balaclava #2. 1855.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
Roger Fenton. The 57th Regiment. 1855.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
The
"Photographic Van"
http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3g00000/3g09000/3g09200/3g09240v.jpg
More of Fenton's Crimean War photographs
John
Trumbull. The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June
17, 1775. 1786.
Stokstad,
Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice
Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams Inc., 2005.
"Whatever he represents from the field must be real." - London Times
Roger Fenton. The Valley of the Shadow of Death. 1855.
Alexander Gardner. Carnage at Antietam, September 1862. |
Civil War |
1861 - 1865 |
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Conflict between northern and southern states |
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Involved numerous disputes, although most of them centered on the issue of slavery |
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At least 623,000 killed |
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More than 300 photographers documented the battle zones |
Mathew Brady
1823 - 1896
Mathew Brady's Gallery of Illustrious Americans
Mathew Brady's photo outfit during Civil War.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/i?ammem/cwar:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28ppmsc+00170%29%29:displayType=1:m856sd=ppmsc:m856sf=00170
Mathew Brady. 6 pdr Gun at Arsenal. c. 1862.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?cwar:151:./temp/~ammem_P57v::displayType=1:m856sd=cwpb:m856sf=04276:@@@
John Reekie. A Burial Party, Cold Harbor, VA. 1865.
George Barnard. Destruction of Hood's Ordinance Train, Atlanta. 1864.
more Civil War photos from Brady's corps
Alexander Gardner
1821 - 1882
Alexander Gardner and his portable dark room. 1867.
http://z.about.com/d/712educators/1/0/t/9/misc5.jpg
Alexander Gardner. Home of the
Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg. 1863.
http://www.littlestregular.com/blog/uploaded_images/sharpshooter-752249.jpg
"If
a studio photographer's duty was to arrange the sitter for a specific
effect, and if the resulting image was considered reality, then where
were the boundaries of truthfulness when a photographer went outside
the studio?" - Robert Hirsch |
Was Mathew Brady's effort to document the Civil War a profitable venture? |
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Timothy O' Sullivan. A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg. 1863. |
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1869 Mathew Brady petitiond the U.S. government to purchase his archive for $125,000 |
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After the government refused the purchase Brady went bankrupt and had to sell his portrait studio |
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In 1875 the government had a change of heart and paid Brady $27,840 |
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Brady died penniless in the charity ward of Presbyterian Hospita in NY |
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Gardner also petitioned the government to buy his archive of negatives and was rejected |
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90,000 of Gardner's glass plate negatives were scrapped for the glass and silver |
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Manifest Destiny and the Western Frontier |
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Manifest
Destiny = the duty and the right of the United States to expand its
territory and influence throughout North America |
John Gast. American Progress. c. 1872. |
William Henry Jackson. The Mountain of the Holy Cross. 1873.
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William Henry Jackson. The Beehive
Group of Geysers,
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Geysers on the Yellowstone Reservation.
Drawn from photographs by William Henry Jackson. From the Illustrated Christian Weekly, November 30, 1872. Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982. |
Photographer Unknown. Cutting on the Forty-Ninth Parallel. 1860-61.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Alexander Gardner. “Westward, the Course of Empire Takes Its Way.” c. 1869.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Andrew J. Russell. Trestle Work, Promontory Point, Salt Lake Valley. c. 1868-69. Albumen silver print.
Andrew J. Russell. Meeting of
the Rails, Promontory Point, Utah. 1869. Albumen print.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
The Western Landscape
Carlton E. Watkins. Mt. Broderick, Yosemite. 1861. Albumen silver print. 16 X 21.
SFMOMA. Picturing Modernity. San Francisco: SFMOMA, 1998.
Contemporary photographer using a mammoth plate camera
http://www.mamutphoto.com/ULF/robert.jpg
Carlton E. watkins. Three Brothers. c. 1861. Albumen silver print.
contemporary shot of the Three Brothers
Carleton E. Watkins. Cathedral Rock. c. 1866. Albumen print.
Rosenblum,
Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
Carlton E. Watkins. From the Best General View,” Mariposa Trail. c. 1865-66.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Timothy O' Sullivan. Shoshone Falls, Idaho. 1868.
Timothy O' Sullivan. Ancient Ruins in the Canyon de Chelle, New Mexico. 1873. Albumen print.
Rosenblum,
Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
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Carleton
E. Watkins. Three Brothers. c. 1861. Albumen silver print. |
Timothy
O' Sullivan. Shoshone Falls, Idaho. 1868. |
Eadweard Muybridge. Clouds, Rest, Valley of the Yosemite. c. 1870.
sky shade = shutterlike device invented by Muybridge to block the amount of blue light reaching the plate, thereby minimizing the overexposure of sky in the photograph |
William Henry Jackson. Members of the Hayden Survey Team. 1870. Albumen print.
Rosenblum,
Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
William Henry Jackson. Yellowstone River, Above the Falls. 1871. Albumen print. 6 3/4" x 8 7/8.”
http://www.leegallery.com/Jackson_exhibit.html
Count Giuseppe Primoli. Annie Oakley in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. 1890.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
Rosa Bonheur. The Horse Fair.
1853.
Chadwick,
Whitney. Women, Art, and Society. Third edition. New York: Thames &
Hudson Ltd., 2002.
1874 Muybridge murders his wife's lover and goes on trial in English court
and in the meantime...
1870s Richard
Leach Maddox develops the gelatin dry plate |
Silver salts
suspended in dry coat of gelatin rather than collodion |
Prepared by holding light-sensitive mixture of silver nitrate, cadmium bromide and gelatin at constant temperature for several days |
Advantages
over wet plate process: |
Plate prepared in advance, freeing the photographer of the lengthy preparation process |
Ten times
more sensitive to light than wet plate, resulting in much quicker exposure time |
Allowing action shots |
Permitting the camera to be held in the hands rather than mounted on a tripod |
1880s glass plates replaced with celluloid and mass produced |
"It
has been the salvation of photography...Blessed then be the dry plate!"
- Edward L. Wilson |
Eadweard Muybridge. Galloping Horse, Motion Study-Sallie Gardner. June 19, 1878. Collotype.
Eadweard Muybridge. Drawings from Galloping Horse photos. 1878.
Etienne-Jules Marey
1830 - 1904
Etienne-Jules Marey. Schenkel, High Jump. July 1886. Chronophotograph.
Etienne-Jules Marey.
Man in Black Suit with White Stripes Down Arms and Legs, Walking in Front
of a Black Wall. c. 1884.
Janson,
H.W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. Sixth ed. Vol. 2. University of
North Carolina; Prentice Hall inc., 2001. 2 vols.
Fusil Photographique
= camera with a rotating plate capable of taking a rapid sequence of
separate images |
fusil photographique demonstration |
Victorian
Optical Amusements |
persistence
of vision = the brief retention of an image by the retina of the eye
after a stimulus is removed |
Muybridge's Zoopraxiscope
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography.
Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
Cinematography = the art and technique of making motion pictures
Edison's Kinetoscope. 1902.
Eadweard Muybridge. Pouring
Basin of Water Overhead. 1887. Collotype.
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2307/2088003051_04908d7d1b_o.jpg
Eadward Muybridge. Woman with handkerchief. 1887.
http://www.randolfdimalanta.com/classroom/archive/spr_06/05Images/Lifedrawing/muybridge_handkerchief.jpg
Eadward Muybridge. Men Wrestling. 1887.
http://cefn.com/blog/photos/muybridge_wrestling.jpg
Eadward Muybridge. Man hitting baseball with bat. 1887.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Muybridge,_Eadweard(1830-1904)_-_Animal_Locomotion_-_(1887)_-_plate_276.jpg
Muybridge vs. Marey
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Eadweard Muybridge. Man Running. 1887.
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Etienne-Jules Marey. Measuring
the Speed of a Swordthrust. c. 1890. Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982. |
