June 18
Imaging the Other
Duchenne de Boulogne
1806 - 1875
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Duchenne de Boulogne. Study of
muscles in the face and emotion. 1852-56.
Koetzle, Hans-Michael. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Pictures . Volume 1. Koln: Taschen, 2002. 2 vols.
Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond
1809 - 1886
Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond. Mental Patient. 1855. |
Diamond believed that photographs could be useful aides in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness |
Sought the physical symptoms of madness |
|
The project expresses a belief in "normal" vs. "abnormal" character |
|
Hugh Welch Diamond. Seated Woman with Bird. c. 1855. |
"The picture speaks for itself." Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond |
transparency
= a direct translation of reality in which subjects are not suggested,
as in the calotype and daguerreotype, but are clearly stated and
defined
without overt intervention |
|
Jean-Martin Charcot
1825 - 1893
Photographer Unknown. Attitudes Passionelles plate 21 from Charcot’s P’lconographie photographique de La Salpetriere. 1876.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Andre Brouillet. Charcot demonstrating hysteria at La Salpetrie. 1887. |
Charcot used hypnosis to induce a state of hysteria in patients believing that hysteria was a neurological disorder |
Made weekly public presentations of his patients who would act out the symptoms of mental illness |
|
"I stand here merely as a photographer, I write down what I see." - Charcot |
Jean-Martin Charcot. Hysteria induced epileptic seizures. 1878.
Photographer Unknown. Attitudes Passionelles from Charcot’s P’lconographie photographique de La Salpetriere. 1876.
http://www.imageandnarrative.be/gender/_img/devilliers02.jpg
more on Charcot and photography
George N. Barnard. Fire in the Ames Mills, Oswego, NY. July 5, 1853.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Mexican-American War 1846 - 1848 |
Fought after Texas seceded from Mexico |
Resulted in the U.S. acquisition of California and New Mexico |
Considered the first war to be photographed as it happened |
Coincides with the rise of American newspapers |
Photographer Unknown. General Wool and Staff, Calle Real, Saltillo, Mexico. c. 1847.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Photographaer Unknown. Amputation, Mexican- American War, Cerro Gordo. 1847.
Crimean War 1853 - 1856 |
Fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance of the United Kingdom, France and the Ottoman Empire |
Roger Fenton. The 57th Regiment. 1855.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
The
"Photographic Van"
http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3g00000/3g09000/3g09200/3g09240v.jpg
Roger Fenton. Railroad Yard
Balaclava #2. 1855.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
More of Fenton's Crimean War photographs
John
Trumbull. The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June
17, 1775. 1786.
Stokstad,
Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second ed. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice
Hall Inc., and Harry N. Abrams Inc., 2005.
"Whatever he represents from the field must be real." - London Times
Roger Fenton. The Valley of the Shadow of Death. 1855.
Alexander Gardner. Carnage at Antietam, September 1862. |
Civil War |
1861 - 1865 |
|
Conflict between northern and southern states |
|
Involved numerous disputes, although most of them centered on the issue of slavery |
|
At least 623,000 killed |
|
More than 300 photographers documented the battle zones |
Mathew Brady
1823 - 1896
Mathew Brady's Gallery of Illustrious Americans
John Reekie. A Burial Party, Cold Harbor, VA. 1865.
George Barnard. Destruction of Hood's Ordinance Train, Atlanta. 1864.
more Civil War photos from Brady's corps
Alexander Gardner
1821 - 1882
Alexander Gardner and his portable dark room. 1867.
http://z.about.com/d/712educators/1/0/t/9/misc5.jpg
Alexander Gardner. Home of the
Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg. 1863.
http://www.littlestregular.com/blog/uploaded_images/sharpshooter-752249.jpg
"If
a studio photographer's duty was to arrange the sitter for a specific
effect, and if the resulting image was considered reality, then where
were the boundaries of truthfulness when a photographer went outside
the studio?" - Robert Hirsch |
Was Mathew Brady's effort to document the Civil War a profitable venture? |
|
Timothy O' Sullivan. A Harvest
of Death, |
1869 Mathew Brady petitiond the U.S. government to purchase his archive for $125,000 |
After the government refused the purchase Brady went bankrupt and had to sell his portrait studio |
|
In 1875 the government had a change of heart and paid Brady $27,840 |
|
Brady died penniless in the charity ward of a NY hospital |
|
Gardner also petitioned the government to buy his archive of negatives and was rejected |
|
90,000 of Gardner's glass plate negatives were scrapped for the glass and silver |
|
Social documentary style emerged in the 19th century in response to: |
Popular social reform movements |
Continued interest in recording the wonders of the world |
Availability and accessibility of the hand-held camera |
Organized social reform movements in America that began during the late 19th century: |
Suffrage parade in New York City, May 6, 1912. |
Abolitionism |
|
Woman's Suffrage Movement |
|
Prohibition/ Temperance Movement |
|
Public Education Reform Movement |
|
Jacob Riis
1849 - 1914
Lewis Hine. Immigrants Going Down Gangplank. 1905.
source unkown
Jacob Riis. Bandits'
Roost, New York. 1888.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
muckraker = journalist who investigates and exposes societal issues |
Jacob Riis. Home
of an Italian Ragpicker, New York. 1888.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
Riis consistently
argued that the "poor were the victims rather than the makers of
their fate" |
Jacob Riis. Street Arabs. c. 1880s. |
Social Darwinism
= belief that society's evolve like organisms and only the fit will survive, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die and go extinct |
|
An important aspect of this line of thinking was the belief that poverty was a just reward for sin |
|
Social Uplift
= belief that crime is an effect of poverty rather than the cause |
Lewis Hine
1874 - 1940
Lewis Hine. Untitled (Hickory,
North Carolina). 1908.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
Lewis Hine. Spinner in New England Mill . 1913. |
1907 government inquiry revealed that at least 1,750,178 children between 10 and 15 years old were working in US factories |
In cotton mills, almost 50% of the workers were an average of 10 years old |
|
Lewis Hine. At Work at Glassblowing
Works. 1909.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
Lewis Hine. Oyster Openers.
1913.
20th Century Photography Museum Ludwig Cologne.
Taschen, Koln, 2005.
"Hine
exposed the myth that everyone could pull themselves up by their bootstraps
and succeed in America." - Hirsch |
Lewis Hine. Steelworker, 85 Stories Up. c. 1931.
"There
were two things I wanted to do. I wanted to show the things that had
to be corrected; I wanted to show the things that had to be appreciated"
- Lewis Hine |
Lewis Hine's Men at Work series
