Jacob Riis. Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters. 1890.
Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Studies in Motion
Jacob Riis. Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters. 1890. |
Count Giuseppe Primoli. Annie Oakley in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. 1890.
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography.
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
Rosa Bonheur. The Horse Fair.
1853.
Chadwick,
Whitney. Women, Art, and Society. Third edition. New York: Thames &
Hudson Ltd., 2002.
1874 Muybridge murders his wife's lover and goes on trial in English court
and in the meantime...
1870s Richard
Leach Maddox develops the gelatin dry plate |
Silver salts
suspended in dry coat of gelatin rather than collodion |
Prepared by holding light-sensitive mixture of silver nitrate, cadmium bromide and gelatin at constant temperature for several days |
Advantages
over wet plate process: |
Plate prepared in advance, freeing the photographer of the lengthy preparation process |
Ten times
more sensitive to light than wet plate, resulting in much quicker exposure time |
Allowing action shots |
Permitting the camera to be held in the hands rather than mounted on a tripod |
1880s glass plates replaced with celluloid and mass produced |
"It
has been the salvation of photography...Blessed then be the dry plate!"
- Edward L. Wilson |
Muybridge's camera set up
http://impresssnow.com/349/349_lecture04.html
 http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0309/lm20.html |
Eadweard Muybridge. Galloping Horse, Motion Study-Sallie Gardner. June 19, 1878. Collotype.
Eadweard Muybridge. Drawings from Galloping Horse photos. 1878.
Victorian
Optical Amusements |
persistence
of vision = the brief retention of an image by the retina of the eye
after a stimulus is removed |
Muybridge's Zoopraxiscope
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography.
Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
Cinematography = the art and technique of making motion pictures
Edison's Kinetoscope. 1902.
Etienne-Jules Marey
1830 - 1904
Etienne-Jules Marey. Bird Flying. 1886. Chronophotograph.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_KMqOPeCgoT0/TTsN2N3dSaI/AAAAAAAAKus/74_DQg4skuQ/s1600/Etienne-Jules%2BMarey-birds.jpg
Etienne-Jules Marey. High Jump. July 1886. Chronophotograph.
http://www.rouge58.com/blog/2011/2/2/etienne-jules-marey.html
Etienne-Jules Marey. Pole Vaulter. 1886. Chronophotograph.
http://stephan.barron.free.fr/art_video/chronophotographie.html
Fusil Photographique
= camera with a rotating plate capable of taking a rapid sequence of
separate images |
fusil photographique demonstration |
Woman and Child
http://cathyfeldkamp.blogspot.com/2011/05/muybridge-bouquet-batman.html
Eadward Muybridge. Woman getting into bed. 1887.
http://drnorth.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/muybridge-getting-into-bed.jpg
Eadward Muybridge. Men Wrestling. 1887.
http://cefn.com/blog/photos/muybridge_wrestling.jpg
Eadward Muybridge. Man hitting baseball with bat. 1887.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Muybridge,_Eadweard(1830-1904)_-_Animal_Locomotion_-_(1887)_-_plate_276.jpg
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Eadweard Muybridge. Pouring
Bucket of Water Overhead. 1887. Collotype. http://www.all-art.org/20ct_photo/Muybridge1.htm |
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Eadweard Muybridge. Pouring
Bucket of Water Overhead. 1887. Collotype. http://www.all-art.org/20ct_photo/Muybridge1.htm |
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Muybridge vs. Marey
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Eadweard Muybridge. Man Running. 1887.
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Etienne-Jules Marey. Measuring
the Speed of a Swordthrust. c. 1890. Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982. |