The Expanding Domain
Community 1 on Wednesday
William
Fox Talbot. The Open Door. 1843. Salted paper print from calotype negative.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.498
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.498
The Expanding Domain |
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Community 1 on Wednesday |
William
Fox Talbot. The Open Door. 1843. Salted paper print from calotype negative. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.498 |
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William Henry Fox Talbot
1800 - 1877
William Henry Fox
Talbot. c. 1844. Daguerreotype.
Rosenblum,
Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.
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William
Henry Fox Talbot. Latticed Window at Lacock Abbey. 1835. Photogenic drawing. Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A cultural History. Second edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006. |
Enhanced view of Talbot's window |
Talbot produced the first successful negative on paper in 1835 |
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Calotype process: |
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Soaked paper in a solution of sodium chloride, then a solution of silver nitrate |
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Repeated process several times to create a dense concentration of chemicals |
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Exposed wet sheet of iodized paper to light (cutting exposure time from 1 hour to 10 minutes) |
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Image fixed with either potassium iodide or sodium chloride |
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In the following years, Talbot discovered that an invisible, "latent image" could be developed with gallic acid |
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Began coating paper with wax to make it more translucent |
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Negative was contact printed onto another sheet of sesnsitized paper |
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William Henry Fox Talbot. 1837.
Photogenic Drawing. Bajac, Quentin. The Invention of Photography. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. 2002. |
Direct Positive Print |
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the calotype
established a negative/ positive printmaking system |
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1. Negative
image produced by exposing light-sensitive paper |
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2. Positive
image produced by contact printing onto another piece of paper |
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Negative Image |
Positive Image |
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David Octavius Hill and Robert
Adamson. Lady Elizabeth Eastlake. c. 1845. Calotype.
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Southworth
and Hawes. Rollin Heber Neal. c. 1850. Daguerreotype. |
William Henry Fox Talbot. Man and Woman sitting on garden wall in Lacock Abbey. 1835. Reproduction of calotype image. |
Daguerreotyp
vs. Calotype |
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Daguerreotype |
Calotype |
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Surface |
Mirror-like |
Matte |
Highly detailed |
Creates contrast
and mass |
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Process |
One step |
Two step |
Exposure time |
Few seconds |
Few minutes |
Reproducibiltiy |
Produced one-of-a-kind
image |
Produced infinite
number of copies |
Sturdiness |
Fragile |
Hardy |
Price |
Somewhat expensive
if done at high quality studio |
Relatively inexpensive |
Inventors |
Experienced
businessman |
Scientist
and intellectual |
William Henry Fox Talbot. The Pencil of Nature. 1844 - 1846. |
The Pencil of Nature = first book to include photographic images |
In order to encourage the use of the calotype process and his former valet's photo printing establishment, Talbot sold subscriptions to
The Pencil of Nature |
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Printed in six parts with 24 salted paper prints from paper negatives |
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Today, a pproximately forty complete or substantially complete copies survive |
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Talbot's printing operation. c. 1845.
William
Fox Talbot. The Open Door. 1843. Salted paper print from calotype negative.
http://robtaborn.homestead.com/BroomTalbot.jpg
picturesque
= suggesting a painted scene, quaint, charming and favoring the emotional experience |
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sublime
= lofty, grand or exalted in thought, expression or manner; of outstanding
spiritual, intellectual or moral worth; tending to inspire awe |
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William Henry Fox
Talbot. The Game Keeper. c. 1843. http://www.masters-of-photography.com/T/talbot/talbot_game_keeper_full.html |
Charles Negre. The
Vampire. 1853. Salted paper print.
http://idiommag.com/2010/08/imaging-sculpture-the-orginal-copy-at-moma/
Salted paper: |
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Soaked in salt concentration |
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Coated on one side with silver nitrate |
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Dried |
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Contact printed with negative image |
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William Henry Fox Talbot. Oak Tree in Winter at Lacock Abbey. Salt print from a calotype negative, early 1840s. |
Wet-Collodion
Process |
Preparing and
processing a collodion wet-plate |
1848 Frederick Scott Archer exposes iodized collodion while it is wet, resulting in a great improvement of the calotype process |
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collodion
(pyroxylin) = a mixture of cellulose nitrates that is less explosive
than guncotton, soluble in a mixture of organic solvents, and used especially
in making plastics, coatings such as lacquers, as a coating for wonds
or for photographic films |
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Sally Mann. Last Light . 1989.
Mann, Sally. Immediate Family. New York: Aperture, 1992.
