Photography's Re-Invention

Edgar Allan Poe

Methodology Flash 2 Due
William Pratt. Edgar Allan Poe. 1849. Ambrotype
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_kM7t6IwmQlQ/RyjkElE3M6I/AAAAAAAABjU/XjgxmrQClh8/s400/poe+daguerotype.jpg
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial photographers quickly adopted the wet-collodion process
transparency = a direct translation of reality in which subjects were not suggested, as in the calotype and daguerreotype, but were clearly stated adn defined without overt intervention
 
Wet-Plate Camera

wet-plate chemicals

Wet-Plate Chemicals
http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/entry_H5.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wet-Collodion Spin-Off Processes:
Ambrotype
Ferrotype or Tintype
Carte-de-Visite

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ambrotype

ambrotype

Unknown Photographer. Untitled Portrait.
Ambrotype with half the backing removed to show positive and negative effect.
http://nicolettacampochiaroatelier.blogspot.com/2010/07/ambrotype.html

Introduced in 1854
 
Positive image on glass with an opaque black backing
One-of-a-kind image
Housed in Union Case, just like a daguerreotype
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tintype/ Ferrotype

Unknown. Civil War Soldier. c. 1862. Tintype.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/200601A22.html
Ambrotype image made on a
thin piece of metal instead of glass
Metal plate painted black with asphaltum,
then coated with light sensitive collodion solution
One-of-a-kind image

 

 
Advantages:
Inexpensive
Durable
Lightweight
Considered an instant process

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unknown Photographer. c. 1860s. Tintype.
http://stroudfoot1.squarespace.com/blog/?currentPage=3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Albumen paper

Albumen paper manufacture

Albumen paper manufacture
http://206.180.235.131/library/monographs/reilly/gifs/r15.gif
1850 first practical prepared paper produced with albumen = egg white
 
Paper is made light sensitive by 'floating' it on top of a tray filled with silver nitrate solution (producing light sensitive silver chloride in the albumen layer)
Paper is hung to dry in the dark
Exposed in contact with a negative image

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daguerreotype
Salted paper print from calotype negative
Albumen print

Southworth and Hawes. Portrait of an Unknown Woman c. 1850.
SFMOMA.  Picturing Modernity.  San Francisco: SFMOMA, 1998.
David Octavius Hill. Miss Crampton of Dublin. c. 1845.
SFMOMA.  Picturing Modernity. San Francisco: SFMOMA, 1998.
Nadar. Sarah Bernhardt. 1865.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb
/7/7f/Nadar_2.jpg/482px-Nadar_2.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Brig Upon the Water
Albumen print advantages:
Smooth, glossy surface that looked modern
Provided sharper, better contrasted, more detailed print
Provided consistency not possible with calotypes
Gustave Le Gray. Brig Upon the Water. 1856. Albumen print.
http://dmaeducatorblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/76legraythebrig1.jpg
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carte-de-visite

carte-de-visite = visiting card
 
 
Wet-plate image created with a multi-lens camera and printed on albumen paper
 
Carte-de-visite camera

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unidentified Woman

Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi. Portrait of an Unidentified Woman. c. 1860 - 1865.
Uncut albumen print from a carte-de-visite negative.

 

more portrait cartes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carte-de-Visite album
http://www.cowanauctions.com/auctions/item.aspx?ItemId=6039

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andre Disderi. Supplicies (Heads of Executed Men). c. 1850s. Carte-de-visite.

 

other newsworthy carte-de-visites

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln

Matthew Brady Studio. Abraham Lincoln. c. 1863. Albumen Cabinet Card.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house/2719970005/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carte-de-visite (front and back).
http://www.ephemera-society.org.uk/images/cdv_6.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three kinds of stereoscopes

Three kinds of stereoscopes
Newhall, beaumont. The History of Photography. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1982.
The Sterescope
1832 Sir Charles Wheatstone describes the phenomena of binocular vision and designs an apparatus that fuses two separate drawings into a single three dimensional image

Prephotography Stereocards

Unknown Artist. Pre-photography stereo cards. c. 1840.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stereoview of theGreat Exhibition. 1851.
http://www.stereoviews.com/cp1876.jpg
 
In 1851 Queen Victoria is presented a special stereoscope during the Great Exhibition and within 3 months, 250,000 stereoscopes and millions of cards are sold to the public
By 1856, the London Stereoscopic Company had sold 500,000 viewers
London Stereoscopic Company motto, "No home without a stereoscope"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stereo Camera

Stereoscopic Camera
http://www.glowbox.demon.co.uk/4655oALL.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stereoscope

Holmes-Bates Stereoscope with stereograph.
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York. 1989.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/1871_Bates_stereoscope_BostonAlmanac.png

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stereoscopes in use

Photographer Unknown.  Untitled (Stereoscopes in Use).  c. 1860s.
Marien, Mary Warner.  Photography: A cultural History.  Second edition.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Views of Switzerland

William England. Views of Switzerland #30. Albumen stereo card.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chinese woman with bound feet
http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/stereo&CISOPTR=245

 

more stereo card images